Phonetics

Phonetics is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds. Since in English and some other languages there is a considerable discrepancy between spelling and sound, phonetic alphabets have been created in which one letter corresponds to one sound. The best-known and most widely used one is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The phonetic transcription is given in square brackets, for example fee [fi:] or daytime [deitaim]. 

Phonetics is traditionally divided into articulatory phonetics, , auditory phonetics, , and acoustic phonetics,

Here is a link of a site with more information: https://ielanguages.com/phonetics.html 

Places of Articulation

•  Bilabial
•  Labiodental
•  Dental
•  Alveolar
•  Palatal
•  Velar
•  Glottal

 Manners of Articulation

•  Stops
•  Fricatives
•  Affricates

In addition, consonants are called oral, if the air escapes through the mouth; the majority of consonants are oral. However, if the velum is lowered and the air escapes through the nose, a nasal consonant is produced (e.g. the first sound in new or mouse).